1. Basic Data Types, Operators, Expressions, and Input/Output

# Basic Data Types

a = 10        # integer

b = 3.5       # float

c = "Hello"   # string

d = True      # boolean

# Operators and Expressions

sum_result = a + b

product = a * b

# Input and Output

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello,", name)

print("Sum is:", sum_result)

print("Product is:", product)

2. Strings and Conditional Statements

# Strings

text = "Python is fun"

print(text.upper()) # converts to uppercase

print(text.lower()) # converts to lowercase

# Conditional Statements

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:

    print("You are an adult.")

else:

    print("You are a minor.")

3. Lists and Tuples Using Built-in Functions

# List

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

fruits.append("orange") # adding an element

print(fruits)

print(len(fruits)) # number of elements

# Tuple

colors = ("red", "green", "blue")

print(colors)

print(colors.index("green")) # find index of element

4. Looping Concepts

# For loop

for i in range(5):

    print("Number:", i)

# While loop

count = 0

while count < 3:

    print("Count:", count)

    count += 1

5. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts

# Class and Object Example

class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, roll):

        self.name = name

        self.roll = roll

    def display(self):

        print("Name:", self.name)

        print("Roll Number:", self.roll)

# Creating object

s1 = Student("Niraj", 101)

s1.display()

10. Exception Handling (Different Types and Statements)

try:

    num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

    result = 10 / num

    print("Result:", result)

except ZeroDivisionError:

    print("Cannot divide by zero!")

except ValueError:

    print("Invalid input! Please enter a number.")

except Exception as e:

    print("An error occurred:", e)

finally:

    print("Execution completed.")